1. Part IXB provides constitutional status to co-operative societies.
2. It was added to the Constitution by the 97th Amendment Act, 2011.
3. After the Supreme Court judgment in Union of India v. Rajendra N. Shah (2021), Part IXB remains applicable only to multi-State co-operative societies.
How many of the above statements is/are true?
Statement 1 – True: Part IXB (Articles 243ZH – 243ZT) grants constitutional status to co-operative societies.
Statement 2 – True: It was introduced by the 97th Amendment Act, 2011, which inserted Part IXB into the Constitution.
Statement 3 – True: The Supreme Court in Union of India v. Rajendra N. Shah (2021) upheld Part IXB only for multi-State co-operative societies; for single-State co-operatives, it was struck down for lack of State ratification.
1. It establishes a Co-operative Election Authority to ensure fair elections in multi-State co-operative societies.
2. It mandates at least two women and one member from Scheduled Castes or Scheduled Tribes on the boards of such societies.
3. It brings single-State co-operatives under the administrative control of the Central Registrar.
How many of the above statements is/are true?
Statement 1 – True: The 2023 amendment establishes a Co-operative Election Authority to ensure fair and transparent elections in multi-State co-operative societies.
Statement 2 – True: It mandates inclusion of at least two women and one member from Scheduled Castes or Scheduled Tribes on the board of directors.
Statement 3 – False: The amendment applies only to multi-State co-operatives. Single-State co-operatives continue to be governed under respective State laws and registrars.
1. The Emissions Gap Report is released annually by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).
2. The latest UNEP report estimates that the world is heading for around 2.5°C of warming by 2100 under current pledges.
3. The “emission gap” for 2030 is estimated to be around 19–23 gigatonnes of CO₂ equivalent.
How many of the above statements are correct?
Statement 1 – Incorrect: The Emissions Gap Report is published annually by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), not by the IPCC.
Statement 2 – Correct: The latest UNEP report projects that current pledges would lead to approximately 2.4–2.6°C of global warming by 2100, rounded to 2.5°C.
Statement 3 – Correct: UNEP’s 2024 assessment estimates the 2030 emission gap at about 19–23 gigatonnes of CO₂ equivalent under existing Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs).
Hence, two statements are correct.
1. India’s emissions grew faster than those of China in 2024.
2. India’s per capita emissions remain above the global average.
3. China, the United States, and India together account for over half of global CO₂ emissions.
How many of the above statements are correct?
Statement 1 – Correct: India’s emissions rose by 3.6% in 2024, higher than China’s 0.5% growth.
Statement 2 – Incorrect: India’s per capita emissions continue to remain below the global average.
Statement 3 – Correct: China, the United States, and India together emit over 50% of global CO₂ emissions.
Hence, two statements are correct.
1. It has been constituted under the Companies Act, 2013.
2. It hears appeals against orders of the National Company Law Tribunal, the Competition Commission of India, and the National Financial Reporting Authority.
3. It also hears appeals under certain provisions of the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016.
How many of the above statements are correct?
Statement 1 – Correct: The NCLAT is established under Section 410 of the Companies Act, 2013 to hear appeals against decisions of the National Company Law Tribunal (NCLT).
Statement 2 – Correct: It hears appeals against the NCLT, the Competition Commission of India (CCI), and the National Financial Reporting Authority (NFRA) under respective provisions of the Companies Act, 2013.
Statement 3 – Correct: It also hears appeals under the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (IBC), 2016, specifically against orders passed by the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Board of India (IBBI) under Sections 202 and 211.
Hence, all three statements are correct.